Tag: GCW

Tag Description: Terms from the World Meteorological Organization, Global Cryosphere Watch glossary which is available at http://globalcryospherewatch.org. Last accessed June 8, 2017. This project is partly funded by NSF - Award ACI 1443085.

Ablation

Ablation area

Ablation area/zone

Ablation cone

Ablation hollows

Ablation moraine

Ablation season

Ablation zone

Ablatometer

Abrasion

Accreted ice

Accretion

Accumulation

Accumulation area

Accumulation-area ratio AAR

Accumulation season

Accumulation zone

Acicular ice

Active air-cooled thermal pile

Active construction methods in permafrost

Active ice wedge

Active layer

Active layer failure

Active layer thickness

Active liquid refrigerant pile

Active-microwave sensor

Active permafrost

Active rock glacier

Active thermokarst

Activity index

Additional zones

Adfreeze strength

adfreezing

Adret

Advance

Advection frost

Aged ridge

Age structure of ice

Agglomerate

Agglomerated brash

Aggradation

Aggradational ice

Aggregation

Airborne Snow Survey Program

Airborne Snow Water Equivalent Measurement Theory

Air freezing index

Air thawing index

Alas/alass

Alaska current

Alaskan stream

Albedo

Albedometer

Aleutian current

Aleutian low

Alimentation

Almwind

Along-valley winds

Alpenglow

Alpine glacier

Alpine permafrost

Alpine tundra

Altimetry

Altitude

Altitudinal limit of permafrost

Altitudinal zonation of permafrost

Amorphous frost

Anabatic wind

Anadyr current

Anchor ice

Anchor ice dam

Annual AAR

Annual ablation

Annual accumulation

Annual ELA

Annual equilibrium line

Annual exchange

Annual mass balance

Annual snowline

Antarctic air

Antarctic anticyclone

Antarctic bottom water

Antarctic circle

Antarctic circumpolar current

Antarctic divergence

Antarctic front

Antarctic high

Antarctic ice sheet

Antarctic intermediate water

Antarctic ozone hole

Antarctic polar front

Antarctic stratospheric vortex

Antarctic surface water

Antarctic zone

Anti-icing

Anti-syngenetic ice wedge

Aperwind

Apparent heat capacity

Approximate freezing index

Approximate thawing index

Arctic

Arctic air

Arctic-alpine

Arctic bottom water

Arctic circle

Arctic desert

Arctic front

Arctic haze

Arctic high

Arctic intermediate water

Arcticization

Arctic mist

Arctic pack

Arctic polar front

Arctic sea smoke

Arctic stratospheric vortex

Arctic surface water

Arctic tree line

Arctic zone

Area-altitude distribution

Area-averaged

Areal scouring

Area of ice cover

Area S

Arete

Artificial ground freeezing

Artificial ground freezing

Asymmetric valley

Aufeis

Aurora

Aurora australis

Aurora borealis

Auroral arc

Auroral bands

Auroral corona

Auroral curtains

Auroral oval

Auroral rays

Auroral zone

Autumn ice

Avalanche

Avalanche wind

Avalanching

Baffin Current

Balanced-budget

Balanced-budget AAR

Balanced-budget ELA

Balance flux

Balance velocity

Balance year

Banded cryogenic fabric

Banded fabric

Band ogives

Banner cloud

Bare ice

Barrens

Barren zone

Barrier iceberg

Barrier jet

Basal ablation

Basal accumulation

Basal cryopeg

Basal cryostructure

Basal debris

Basal ice layer

Basal-layered cryostructure

Basal lubrication

Basal mass balance

Basal sliding

Base flow

Basic zones

Batture floes

Bay ice

Beaded stream

Beginning of freezup

Beginning of the breakup

Belt

Benchmark glacier

Berg

Bergschrund

Bergy bit

Bergy seltzer

Bergy water

Beset

Biennial ice

Bight

Biogenic ice nucleus

Bise

Black frost

Black ice

Blind lead

Blizzard

Block field

Blocky iceberg

Blow hole

Blowing snow

Blue ice

Blue ice area

Bora

Border ice

Boreal forest

Boreal woodland

Boreal zone

Bottom bergs

Bottom temperature of snow cover

Boulder clay

Boundary

Brackish ice

Braided stream

Branched-valley glacier

Brash ice

Breached watershed

Breakup

Breakup date

Breakup jam

Breakup period

Breakup season

Brewer-Dobson circulation

Brine

Brown snow

BTS method

Bubbly ice

Bummock

Buran

Burga

Buried ice

Cake ice

Calve

Calved ice

Calving

Calving flux

Calving front

Calving glacier

Calving rate

Calving velocity

Canadian hardness-gauge

Canadian high

Candle ice

Canopy drip

Cap cloud

Cartographic method

Cascading

Catchment glacier

Cave ice

Chain

Channel in ice (made by ship)

Chattermarks

Chinook

Chinook wind

Chionosphere

Cirque

Cirque glacier

Clear ice

Climate snow line

Climate system

Climatic-basal mass balance

Climatic mass balance

Climatic snowline

Close cavity ice

Closed-cavity ice

Closed-system freezing

Closed-system pingo

Closed talik

Close pack/drift

Close pack ice

Coalescing, non contributing

Coefficient of compressibility

Coffee-can method

Col

Cold-based glacier

Cold cap

Cold desert

Cold glacier

Cold ice

Cold infiltration-recrystallization zone

Cold pole

Collapse scar

Columnar ice

Columnar snow crystals

Combined system

Compacted ice edge

Compact ice

Compacting

Compact pack ice

Complete freeze-up

Composite wedge

Compound basins

Compression flow

Compression of ice

Compression zone

Concentration

Concentration boundary

Conduit

Confluent

Congelation

Congelation ice

Congelifraction

Congeliturbation

Conglomeric cryogenic fabric

Conservation of mass

Consolidated ice

Consolidated ice cover

Consolidated pack ice

Consolidated ridge

Construction methods in permafrost

Continental arctic air mass

Continental glacier

Continental ice sheet

Continental polar air mass

Continuous permafrost

Continuous permafrost zone

Conventional balance

Cornice

Corn snow ice

Corrie

Coulee

Crack

Crag-and-tail

Crater

Crater glacier

Creep

Creeping flow

Creep of frozen ground

Creep strength

Crescentic gouge

Crest

Crevasse

Crevasse hoar

Crevasse stratigraphy

Crevasse trace

Crust

Crust-like cryostructure

Cryochore

Cryoconite

Cryoconite hole

Cryofront

Cryogenesis

Cryogenic aquiclude

Cryogenic fabric

Cryogenic hygrometer

Cryogenic period

Cryogenic temperature

Cryolithology

Cryology

Cryomero

Cryopediment

Cryopedology

Cryopedometer

Cryopeg

Cryoplanation

Cryoplanation terrace

Cryoplankton

Cryosol

Cryosol soil

Cryosphere

Cryostatic pressure

Cryostructure

Cryosuction

Cryotexture

Cryotic

Cryotic ground

Cryoturbate

Cryoturbation

Crystal

Crystal card

Crystal facet

Crystal habit

Crystalline frost

Crystallization

Crystallization nucleus

Cumulative mass balance

Cup crystal

Cwm

Dansgaard-Oeschger events

Dark nilas

Day of snow lying

Days with snow cover

Dead glacier

Dead ice

Debris cone

Debris coverage of tongue

Debris-covered glacier

Debris flow

Defile

Deformability

Deformed ice

Deglaciation

Deglaciation/glacial termination

Degree-day

Degree of saturation

Degrees of frost

De-icing

Delayed strength

Dendrite

Dendritic crystal

Dendrochronology

Densification

Density

Density of frozen ground

Density of snow

Depergelation

Deposition

Depositional landform

Deposition nuclei

Depth hoar

Depth of seasonal frost penetration

Depth of snow

Depth of thaw

Depth of zero annual amplitude

Deranged drainage

Desiccation crack

Desiccation polygon

Design depth of frost penetration

Design freezing index

Design thawing index

Destructive metamorphism

Detachment failure

Dewpoint

Diachronous

Diamond dust

Dielectric constant

Dielectric device

Difficult area

Diffuse ice

Diffuse ice edge

Dilation crack

Dilation crack ice

Dirt cone

Dirty ice

Disarticulation

Discharge

Discontinuous permafrost

Discontinuous permafrost zone

Disequilibrium permafrost

Distributary

Diverging

Divide

Dome

Domed iceberg

Downvalley wind

Downwasting

Drainage wind

Drain channel

Dried ice

Drift

Drift divide

Drift glacier

Drift ice

Drift ice/Pack ice

Drifting ice

Drifting snow

Drift of ice

Drift vector

Driven snow

Drizzle

Droxtal

Drumlin

Drunken forest

Dry-based glacier

Dry calving

Dry crack

Dry density

Drydocked iceberg

Dry freeze

Dry frozen ground

Dry ice

Dry permafrost

Dry snow

Dry-snow line

Dry-snow zone

Dump moraine

Duration of ice cover

Dust

Dynamic ice

Dynamic modulus of elasticity

Dynamic Poisson's ratio

Dynamic thinning

Earth albedo

Earth hummock

East Antarctic Ice Sheet

East Greenland current

Easy area

Edge wasting

Effective snowmelt

Eisrinde

Electrical conductivity

Electrical properties of frozen ground

Electrical resistivity

Elevation change

Emergence velocity

End moraine

End-of-summer snowline

En-echelon crevasses

Energy balance

Energy-balance model

Energy of glacierization

Englacial

Englacial conduit

Englacial debris

Englacial stream

Epigenetic ice

Epigenetic ice wedge

Epigenetic permafrost

Equilibrium

Equilibrium AAR

Equilibrium growth

Equilibrium line

Equilibrium-line altitude ELA

Equilibrium permafrost

Equilibrium zone

Erosion

Erosional landform

Erratic

Esker

Eustacy

Excess ice

Expanded

Expanded foot

Expanded-foot glacier

Extending flow

Extensive discontinuous permafrost

Fabric

Facies

False ogives

Fast ice

Fast ice boundary

Fast-ice boundary

Fast ice edge

Fast-ice edge

Fault

Feature tracking

Fern

Finger rafted ice

Finger rafting

Finsterwalder's method

Firn

Firn area

Firn field

Firnification

Firn limit

Firn line

Firnspiegel

Firn water table

First-year ice

Fixed-date system

Fjord

Flaw

Flaw lead

Flaw polynya

Floating

Floating-date system

Floating glaciers

Floating ice

Floating tongue

Floc

Floe

Floeberg

Flooded ice

Flooded sea ice

Flotation

Flow

Flow finger

Flowline

Flow unit

Fluctuations of Glaciers

Flurries

Fluted berg

Fluted lateral moraine

Fluted moraine

Fluted snow

Flux-divergence method

Foehn

Fog deposit

Fold

Foliation

Foothills

Forbes bands

Forel stripes

Fossil ice

Fossil ice wedges

Fountain

Fracture

Fracture zone

Fracturing

Fragmic cryogenic fabric

Fragmoidal cryogenic fabric

Frazil

Frazil ice

Frazil slush

Freeboard

Free water

Free water content of snow

Freeze

Freezeback

Freeze-free period

Freeze probability curve

Freeze-thaw cycle

Freeze-thaw pattern

Freeze-up

Freezeup date

Freezing

Freezing degree-days

Freezing drizzle

Freezing fog

Freezing front

Freezing index

Freezing level

Freezing-level chart

Freezing nucleus

Freezing (of ground)

Freezing point

Freezing-point depression

Freezing precipitation

Freezing pressure

Freezing rain

Freezing season

Freezing spray

Freezing thaw action

Freezup jam

Friable permafrost

Friendly ice

Frigid zone

Front

Frontal ablation

Front of snow melting

Frost

Frost action

Frost belt

Frost blister

Frost boil

Frost bulb

Frostburn

Frost climate

Frost creep

Frost damage

Frost day

Frost depth

Frost flowers

Frost free days

Frost-free season

Frost hazard

Frost heave

Frost heave extent

Frost-heave extent

Frost heaving

Frost hollow

Frost jacking

Frostless zone

Frost line

Frost mound

Frost penetration

Frost phenomena

Frost point

Frost point hygrometer

Frost protection

Frost ring

Frost shattering

Frost smoke

Frost sorting

Frost-stable ground

Frost-stable soil

Frost-susceptible ground

Frost-susceptible soil

Frost table

Frost weathering

Frost wedging

Frost zone

Frozen fringe

Frozen ground

Frozen precipitation

Frozen talus slopes

Funicular regime

Fusion

Gamma-ray snow gauge

Gamma survey of snow cover

Gaps

Gap wind

Gas hydrate

Gelifluction

Gelisols

Geocryology

Geodetic method

Geostationary satellite

Geothermal gradient

Geothermal heat flux

Geyser

Glacial

Glacial advance

Glacial anticyclone

Glacial drift

Glacial environment

Glacial epoch

Glacial erratic

Glacial flour

Glacial geology

Glacial groove/Glacial furrow

Glacial grooves

Glacial hydrology

Glacial ice

Glacial-interglacial cycles

Glacial interstade

Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA)

Glacial lake

Glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF)

Glacial maximum

Glacial milk

Glacial mudflow

Glacial outburst

Glacial outburst floods

Glacial period

Glacial phase

Glacial polish

Glacial rebound

Glacial retreat

Glacial stream

Glacial striations

Glacial surge

Glacial till

Glacial trough

Glacial uplift

Glacial valley

Glaciated

Glaciation

Glaciation level

Glaciation limit

Glacier

Glacier advance

Glacier bed

Glacier berg

Glacier breeze

Glacier cave

Glacier complex

Glacier dammed lake

Glacieret

Glacieret and snowfield

Glacier fire

Glacier flea

Glacier flood

Glacier flour

Glacier flow

Glacier fluctuations

Glacier forebay

Glacier forefield

Glacier front

Glacier ice

Glacier inventory

Glacierization

Glacierized

Glacier karst

Glacier lake

Glacier margin

Glacier milk

Glacier mill

Glacier moraine

Glacier outline

Glacier pothole

Glacier recession

Glacier remainie

Glacier retreat

Glacier snout

Glacier sole

Glacier table

Glacier terminus

Glacier toe

Glacier tongue

Glacier trough

Glacier-wide

Glacier wind

Glaciofluvial

Glaciological method

Glaciological noise

Glaciology

Glaçon

Glare ice

Glaze

Glazed surface

Global warming

Grain

Grain bond

Grains of ice

Granic cryogenic fabric

Granoidic cryogenic fabric

Graupel

Gravimetric method

Gravimetric (total) water content

Gray ice

Gray-white ice

Grease ice

Green iceberg

Greenland Ice Sheet

Greenland Sea Deep Water

Green snow

Grey ice

Grey-white ice

Grid

Groove

Grounded glaciers

Grounded hummock

Grounded ice

Ground frost

Ground ice

Grounding line

Ground moraine

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR)

Group

Growler

Growth time

Gully

Hail

Hailpad

Hail stage

Hailstone

Hailstorm

Halo

Hanging

Hanging dam

Hanging glacier

Hanging valley

Hard freeze

Hard frozen ground

Hard rime

Head (or Headland )

Headwall

Health

Heat capacity

Heaving pressure

Heavy snow

Heights

High arctic climate

High-center polygon

High foehn

Highland

Highland ice

Highland icefield

High polar glacier

Hill

Hillocky multiyear ice

Hinge crack

Hoar

Hoar crystal

Hoarfrost

Holocene

Horn

Hostile ice

Hot-water drilling

Hummock

Hummocked ice

Hummocking

Hydration shattering

Hydraulic conductivity

Hydraulic diffusivity

Hydraulic thawing

Hydrochemical talik

Hydrological method

Hydrological year

Hydrometeorology

Hydrosphere

Hydrothermal alteration

Hydrothermal talik

Hypsometric curve

Hypsometry

Ice

Ice accretion

Ice-accretion indicator

Ice age

Ice-albedo feedback

Ice and snow albedo-temperature feedback

Ice apron

Ice avalanche

Ice band

Ice barrier

Ice bay

Ice-bearing permafrost

Iceberg

Iceberg limit

Iceberg tongue

Ice blink

Ice body

Ice bonded permafrost

Ice-bonded permafrost

Ice boom

Ice bound

Ice-bound

Icebound

Ice boundary

Ice breakup

Ice breccia

Ice bridge

Ice-bulb temperature

Ice cake

Ice canopy

Ice cap

Ice cave

Ice-cemented glacier

Ice cliff

Ice cluster

Ice concentration

Ice content

Ice core

Ice-cored glacier

Ice-cored moraine

Ice-cored topography

Ice-core stratigraphy

Ice cover

Ice covered

Ice crust

Ice crystal

Ice-crystal cloud

Ice-crystal haze

Ice crystals

Ice-dammed lake

Ice day

Ice desert

Iced firn

Ice discharge

Ice divide

Ice drift

Ice edge

Ice equivalent

Ice extent

Ice fall

Ice-fall

Icefall

Ice feathers

Ice field

Ice-field

Icefield

Ice floe

Ice flow

Ice flowers

Ice fog

Ice foot

Icefoot

Ice forecast

Ice formation

Ice formation on aircraft

Ice fracturing

Ice fragment

Ice free

Ice fringe

Ice front

Ice gland

Ice gorge

Ice island

Ice island fragment

Ice jam

Ice keel

Icelandic low

Ice layer

Ice laying

Ice lens

Ice limit

Ice-marginal lake

Ice mass

Ice massif

Ice matrix

Ice mixing ratio

Ice multiplication

Ice needle

Ice-nucleation temperature

Ice nuclei counter

Ice nucleus

Ice occurrence

Ice of land origin

Ice patch

Ice patrol ship

Ice pellet

Ice-penetrating radar

Ice piedmont

Ice plain

Ice point

Ice pole

Ice port

Iceport

Ice prisms

Ice push

Ice quake

Ice raft

Ice rafting

Ice reef

Ice regime

Ice regime phase

Ice-rich permafrost

Ice rind

Ice rise

Ice rumple

Ice run

Ice saints

Ice segregation

Ice sheet

Ice shelf

Ice shelf nourishing

Ice ship

Ice shove

Ice skylight

Ice storm

Ice stream

Ice structure

Ice survey

Ice tongue

Ice twitch

Ice under pressure

Ice vein

Ice wall

Ice wedge

Ice-wedge cast

Ice wedge polygon

Ice-wedge polygon

Ice worm

Icicle

Iciness

Icing

Icing blister

Icing glade

Icing index

Icing intensity

Icing level

Icing mound

Icing-rate meter

Inactive ice wedge

Inactive rock glacier

Indigenous peoples

Induction icing

Infiltration

Infiltration-congelation zone

Infiltration ice

Infiltration-recrystallization zone

Infiltration zone

Inland ice

Inland ice sheet

Inlet

InSar

Interfacial water

Interferometer

Interferometry

Interglacial

Interglacial phase

Interglacials or interglaciations

Intermediate discontinuous permafrost

Intermediate water

Internal ablation

Internal accumulation

Internal deformation

Internal ice stress

Internal mass balance

International Geophysical Year - IGY

International Polar Year - IPY

Interrupted glacier

Interstitial ice

Intrapermafrost water

Intrusive ice

Irregular crystal

Island(s)

Isoband cryogenic fabric

Isochasm

Isochion

Isolated cryopeg

Isolated patches of permafrost

Isolated talik

Isonival

Isostasy

Isostatic adjustment

Isostatic depression

Isostatic rebound

Jammed brash barrier

January thaw

Jet stream

Jokulhlaup

Kame

Kame terrace

Katabatic wind

Keel

Kernel ice

Kettle

Kettle hole

Kettle moraine

Killing freeze

Killing frost

Kinematic-equation method

Kinematic method

Kinematic waves

Kinetic growth

Kinetic-growth metamorphism

Knoll

Kossava

Kurum

Labrador Sea Water

Lahar

Lake effect snow

Lake effect snowstorm

Lake effect storm

Lake ice

Lake talik

Lake-terminating glacier

Lambing storm

Land ice

Large iceberg

Large ice field

Laser altimeter

Laser altimetry

Last glacial

Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)

Last interglacial

Latent heat

Latent heat (of fusion)

Latent heat of sublimation

Latent heat polynya

Lateral moraine

Lateral talik

Latitudinal limit of permafrost

Latitudinal zonation of permafrost

Layered cryostructure

Lead

Lead shore

Lee

Lens ice

Lens-type cryostructure

Level ice

Lidar

Life zone

Light freeze

Light frost

Light nilas

Limit of all known ice

Line of ridges

Liquid water equivalent

Little ice age

Living glacier

Lobe

Lobed

Loess

Lolly ice

Lombarde

Longitudinal crevasse

Long-term strength

Looped moraine

Low-center polygon

Low-centre polygon

Luminous pillars

Macro-scale polygons

Malvinas current

Marginal crevasse

Marginal ice zone

Marginal ice zone (MIZ)

Marine-based ice sheet

Marine cryopeg

Marine ice

Maritime polar air mass (mP)

Maritime tundra

Marker horizon

Mascon

Mass balance

Mass-balance amplitude

Mass-balance gradient

Mass-balance index

Mass-balance profile

Mass-balance rate

Mass-balance ratio

Mass-balance sensitivity

Mass-balance units

Mass-balance year

Mass budget

Mass conservation

Mass flux

Massif

Massive-agglomerate cryostructure

Massive cryostructure

Massive ice

Massive-porous cryostructure

Mass turnover

Mass wasting

Maximum iceberg limit

Maximum ice extent

Mean annual ground-surface temperature (MAGST)

Mean annual ground temperature (MAGT)

Mean annual temperature

Mean areal precipitation

Mean iceberg limit

Mean ice edge

Mechanical properties of frozen ground

Mechanical strength

Medial moraine

Medial moraines

Median iceberg limit

Median ice edge

Medium first-year ice

Medium iceberg

Medium ice field

Medium lake ice

Megadunes

Melt

Melt extent

Melting

Melting index

Melting layer

Melting level

Melting point

Melt pond

Meltwater

Meltwater conduit

Meltwater discharge

Meltwater runoff

Metamorphosis of snow

Micro-scale polygon

Microwave remote sensing

Mid-range altitude

Milky ice

Minerogenic palsa

Minimum iceberg limit

Mires

Mist

Mixed precipitation

Moisture content

Mollition

Monolith

Moraine

Moraine code 1 (in contact with present day glacier)

Moraine code 2 (moraines farther downstream)

Moraine-dammed lake

Moraine shoal

Morphological classification

Morphology

Moulin

Mount

Mountain

Mountain apron glacier

Mountain glacier

Mountain permafrost

Mount Rose snow sampler

Mud circle

Multiple retrogressive slide

Multi-year ice

Multiyear ice

Muskeg

Near-surface permafrost

Needle

Needle ice

Negative mill

Neoglacial

Neoglaciation

Net ablation

Net accumulation

Net balance

Net budget

Net mass balance

Nevada

Neve

New ice

New lake ice

New ridge

New snow

N-factor

Niche

Niche glacier

Nilas

Nip

Nival

Nivation

Nivation hollow

Noctilucent clouds

Noncryotic ground

Nonsorted circle

Nonsorted net

Nonsorted polygon

Nonsorted step

Nonsorted stripe

Nordenskjöld line

Normal

Normal or miscellaneous

Northern Annular Mode (NAM)

North foehn

North pole

Norwegian Sea Deep Water

Nova Zemlya

Nubbins

Nucleation

Nucleus

Nunatak

Nye channel

Ogive

Old ice

Old snow

Onshore permafrost

Open-cavity ice

Open drift

Open lead

Open pack ice

Open-system freezing

Open-system pingo

Open talik

Open water

Orbiculic cryogenic fabric

Organic cryosol

Oriented lake

Orogenesis

Orogenic belt

Orographic precipitation

Orographic snowline

Outburst flood

Outcrop

Outlet glacier

Outline

Outwash

Outwash plain

Overland flow

Ozone hole

Pack ice

Paleoclimate

Paleoclimatic sequence

Paleoclimatology

Paleocrystic ice

Paleopermafrost

Palsa

Palsa bog

Pancake ice

Paraglacial environment

Paraperiglacial environment

Partially-bonded permafrost

Particle

Pass

Passage

Passive construction methods in permafrost

Passive-microwave sensor

Passive permafrost

Passive single-phase thermal pile

Passive two-phase thermal pile

Patch

Paternoster lakes

Patterned ground

Peak

Peat

Peat bog / peatland

Peat hummock

Peatland

Peat plateau

Pendular regime

Penitent

Penitente

Penitent ice

Penitents

Percolation

Percolation deep

Percolation path

Percolation rate

Percolation zone

Pereletok

Perennial

Perennial snow

Perfectly plastic solid

Pergelation

Periglacial

Periglacial climate

Periglacial environment - Andean definition

Periglacial environment - Northern Hemisphere definition

Periglacial phenomena

Periglacial processes

Permacrete

Permafrost

Permafrost aggradation

Permafrost base

Permafrost boundary

Permafrost degradation

Permafrost extent

Permafrost island

Permafrost limit

Permafrost region

Permafrost table

Permafrost thickness

Permafrost zone

Permanent ice zone

Permeability

Perpetual frost climate

P-forms

Phase change

Piedmont

Piedmont glacier

Pillar

Pingo

Pingo ice

Pingo remnant

Pingo scar

Pinnacle

Pinnacled iceberg

Pit pond

Pitted topography

Plain

Plane-dendritic crystal

Planetary permafrost

Plastic frozen ground

Plateau

Plate crystal

Pleistocene

Pleistocene climate

Pleistocene epoch

Pleistocene glaciation

Pliocene climatic optimum

Plucking

Pogonip

Point

Point mass balance

Poisson's ratio

Polar air

Polar air depression

Polar amplification

Polar anticyclone

Polar blackout

Polar cap absorption

Polar cap absorption events

Polar cell

Polar climate

Polar continental air

Polar easterlies

Polar front

Polar frontal zone

Polar front theory

Polar glacier

Polar high

Polar ice

Polar ice cap

Polar invasion

Polar jet stream

Polar low

Polar maritime air

Polar mesospheric clouds

Polar mesospheric summer echoes

Polar night jet stream

Polar outbreak

Polar stratospheric clouds

Polar trough

Polar vortex

Polar wandering

Polar wind

Polar wind divide

Pole

Pole of inaccessibility

Polyarnik

Polycrystal

Polygon

Polygonal pattern

Polygonal peat plateau

Polygon trough

Polynya

Polythermal glacier

Poorly-bonded permafrost

Pore ice

Pore water

Porosity

Positive degree-day

Positive degree-day sum

Positive feedback

Pothole

Poudrin

Powder snow

Preactivation

Precipitation

Precipitation gauge

Precipitation intensity

Precipitation station

Pressure ice

Pressure melting

Pressure melting point

Pressure ridge

Proglacial

Proglacial environment

Proglacial lake

Promontory

Protalus rampart

Proxy

Puddle

Purga

Push moraine

Quality of snow

Quartz microtexture of the periglacial environment

Quaternary climate

Quaternary period

Quiescent phase

Radar

Radar altimeter

Radiation fog

Radiation frost

Radiation inversion

Radiative cooling

Radioactive snow gauge

Radioisotope snow gage

Radius-dependent metamorphism

Rafted ice

Rafting

Rain

Rain and snow mixed

Rain crust

Rainfall

Rainfall/snowfall/precipitation

Raingauge

Raingauge shield

Ram

Rammsonde

Ram penetrometer

Randkluft

Range

Rapid dynamical change (of glaciers or ice sheets)

Raw

Reaction time

Rear snowmelt boundary

Recessional moraine

Reconstituted glacier

Reconstructed glacier

Recording albedometer

Recrystallization

Recrystallization-regelation zone

Recrystallization zone

Recrystallize

Recurring polynya

Red algae

Redistribution

Red snow

Reference glacier

Reference-surface balance

Reflectivity

Refreezing

Refuge

Regelation

Regelation ice

Regenerated glacier

Regenerated (or rejuvenated) glacier

Regional snowline

Relative density

Relative dielectric constant

Relative humidity with respect to ice

Relative permittivity

Relict active layer

Relict ice

Relict permafrost

Relict rock glacier

Remnant

Residual first-year ice

Residual stress

Residual thaw layer

Response time

Resublimation

Reticulate-blocky cryostructure

Reticulate cryostructure

Reticulate ice

Retreat

Retreating glacier

Retrogressive thaw slump

Returning polar maritime air

Ridge

Ridged ice belt

Ridged ice zone

Ridge ice

Ridging

Riegel

Rime

Rime fog

Rime ice

Rime rod

Ripe

Ripening of snow

Ripple

Ripple marks

River ice

River ice statement

River ice statement (RVI)

River/lake ice

River talik

Roche moutonnee

Rock basin

Rock flour

Rock glacier

Rockslide

Rotor

Rotor cloud

Rotten ice

Rough ice

Rubber ice

Runoff

Runoff limit

Run-out distance

Rush of snowmelt flood

Sail

Saline permafrost

Salinity

Saltation

Sand snow

Sandur

Sand wedge

Sand-wedge polygon

Sastruga

Sastrugi

Saturation

Scatterometer

Scavenging by precipitation

Scour

Scree

Sea breeze

Sea fog

Sea ice

Sea ice development stage

Sea ice extent

Sea ice maximum extent

Sea ice minimum extent

Sea loch

Sea smoke

Seasonal freezing index

Seasonal frost

Seasonal ice zone

Seasonally-active permafrost

Seasonally frozen ground

Seasonally frozen layer (SFL)

Seasonally thawed ground

Seasonally thawed layer (STL)

Seasonal sensitivity characteristic (SSC)

Seasonal snow

Seasonal thawing index

Sea state

Sea surface temperature

Secondary ice crystal

Second-year ice

Sedimentary ogives

Sedimentary stratification

Segregated ice

Segregation potential

Semipermanent anticyclone

Sensible heat polynya

Serac

Seracs

Settlement

Severe icing

Shale ice

Shearing

Shear ridge

Shear zone

Sheet frost

Sheet ice

Shelf ice

Shell ice

Ship icing

Shoal

Shore ice

Shore lead

Shore polynya

Short-term strength

Shuga

Shuga ice

Siberian high

Sikussak

Silt cappings

Silver frost

Simple basin

Single-phase thermosyphon

Sintering

Skavler

Skylight

Sleet

Slope failure

Sludge

Sluff

Slush

Slush flow

Slushflow

Slush ice

Slush icing

Slush limit

Slush zone

Small hail

Small Iceberg

Small ice cake

Small ice field

Snezhnik (Russian)

Snotel

Snout

Snow

Snow accumulation

Snow accumulation and ablation model

Snow avalanche

Snowball Earth

Snow banner

Snow barchan

Snowbelt

Snow blindness

Snow blink

Snowblink

Snow board

Snowboard

Snowbreak

Snow bridge

Snowbridge

Snowbursts

Snow cap

Snow classification

Snow cloud

Snow concrete

Snow core

Snow cornice

Snow course

Snow cover

Snowcover

Snow coverage

Snow-cover chart

Snow-covered ice

Snow cover extent

Snow cover period

Snowcreep

Snow crust

Snow crystal

Snow crystals

Snow day

Snow density

Snow depth

Snowdrift

Snowdrift glacier

Snowdrift ice

Snow / drift snow

Snow eater

Snow extent

Snowfall

Snow fence

Snowfield

Snowflake

Snowflakes

Snow flurries

Snow flurry

Snow forest climate

Snow garland

Snow gauge

Snow-gauge

Snow-generating level

Snow geyser

Snow grains

Snow ice

Snow layer

Snow level

Snow line

Snow-line

Snowline

Snow load

Snow lying

Snow mat

Snow melt

Snowmelt

Snowmelt flood

Snow metamorphism

Snow on the ground

Snow pack

Snowpack

Snowpack yield

Snow patch

Snowpatch

Snow pellets

Snow pillow

Snow pit

Snow profile

Snow regime

Snow roller

Snow sampler

Snow shed

Snow shower

Snow shower saturation point

Snow squall

Snow squall warning

Snow stage

Snow stake

Snow stick

Snowstorm

Snow survey

Snow swamp

Snow telemetry (SNOTEL)

Snow trails

Snow tremor

Snow type

Snow water equivalent

Snow water equivalent (SWE)

Snow worm

Snow zone

Soft rime

Soil moisture

Soil temperature

Soil thermometer syn. geothermometer

Soil wedge

Solidification

Solid precipitation

Solifluction

Solifluction apron

Solifluction features

Solifluction lobe

Solifluction sheet

Solifluction terrace

Sonic ranger

Sorge's law

Sorted circle

Sorted net

Sorted polygon

Sorted step

Sorted stripe

South magnetic pole

South Pole

Spatial dendrite

Specific heat capacity

Specific mass balance

Speckle tracking

Spicule

Spire

Splay crevasse

Splintering

Spongy ice

Sporadic discontinuous permafrost

Sporadic permafrost

Spring snow

Spur

S rac

Stack

Stadial moraine

Stagnant ice

Stagnation

Stake

Stake farm

Stamukha (grounded hummock)

Stamukhi

Standing cloud

Standing floe

Standpipe storage precipitation gauge

Stapi

State of snow

Static cryosol

Steady state

Steady-state AAR

Steady-state ELA

Steam drilling

Steam fog

Stellar crystal

Stone-bankeded (solifluction) terrace

Stone-banked (solifluction) lobe

Stone garland

Stone ring

Stony earth circle

Storm

Stoss

Strain

Strand crack

Stranded ice

Stratification

Stratified drift

Stratified slope waste deposits

Stratigraphic system

Stratigraphy

Stratus

Stress

striations

String fen

Strip

Strip/Patch

Subantarctic front

Subantarctic upper water

Subantarctic zone

Subarctic intermediate water

Subarctic upper water

Subgelisol

Subglacial

Subglacial debris

Subglacial meltwater channel

Subglacial permafrost

Subglacial stream

Subglacial talik

Sublimation

Sublimation ice

Sublimation nucleus

Sublimation of ice

Submergence velocity

Subpermafrost water

Sub-polar glacier

Subpolar glacier

Subpolar lows

Subsea permafrost

Subsea talik

Sugar berg

Sugar snow

Summer ablation

Summer accumulation

Summer-accumulation type

Summer minimum extent

Summer season

Summer surface

Summit

Suncups

Sunspot

Supercooled water

Supercooling

Superimposed ice

Superimposed ice zone

Supraglacial

Supraglacial debris

Supraglacial stream

Suprapermafrost layer

Suprapermafrost water

Surface ablation

Surface accumulation

Surface albedo

Surface cryogenic fabric

Surface density

Surface freezing index

Surface hoar

Surface mass balance

Surface roughness

Surface synoptic station

Surface thawing index

Surge

Surge front

Surge-type glacier

Surging glacier

Suscitic cryogenic fabric

Syngenetic ice

Syngenetic ice wedge

Syngenetic permafrost

Tabular iceberg

Taiga

Taiga climate

Tail cloud

Taku

Talik

Tarn

Taryn

Telescoped ice

Temperate glacier

Temperate ice

Temperature coefficient of snowmelt

Temperature-index model

Temperature profile

Tented ice

Tephra

Terminal moraine

Terminal moraine (or end moraine)

Terminus

Terrestrial calving

Terrestrial glaciers

Thaw

Thaw basin

Thaw bulb

Thaw consolidation

Thaw consolidation ratio

Thawed ground

Thaw hole

Thaw holes

Thawing front

Thawing index

Thawing (of frozen ground)

Thawing season

Thaw penetration

Thaw-sensitive permafrost

Thaw settlement

Thaw sink

Thaw slumping

Thaw-stable permafrost

Thaw strain

Thaw unconformity

Thaw weakening

Theodolite

Thermal conductivity

Thermal-contraction crack

Thermal-contraction-crack ice

Thermal diffusivity

Thermal erosion

Thermal expansion (or contraction) coefficient

Thermal pile

Thermal properties of frozen ground

Thermal regime of the ground

Thermal talik

Thermodynamic equilibrium thickness

Thermo-erosional cirque

Thermo-erosional niche

Thermokarst

Thermokarst lake

Thermokarst mound

Thermokarst terrain

Thermokarst topography

Thermometer

Thermosyphon

Thick first-year ice

Thick lake ice

Thickness

Thickness change

Thin first year ice/white ice

Thin first-year ice/white ice

Thin first-year ice/white ice - first stage

Thin first-year ice/white ice - second stage

Thin lake ice

Thinning flux

Thinning velocity

Thomson crystal

Threshold velocity

Through talik

Thrust

Thufur

Thundersnow

Tidal glacier

Tide crack

Tidewater glacier

Tidewater instability

Till

Tillite

Till plain

Time system

Tongue

Tongue activity

Tooth

Topographic method

Tor

Total ablation

Total accumulation

Total annual freezing index

Total annual thawing index

Total exchange

Total mass balance

Total water content (of frozen ground)

Tower

Traditional knowledge

Transient

Transient AAR

Transient ELA

Transient equilibrium line

Transient layer

Transient snowline

Transient talik

Transverse crevasse

Tree line

Tributary glacier

Trim-line

Trimline

Trimlines

Triple point

Trough

Tundra

Tundra climate

Turbic cryosol

Turf-banked (solifluction) lobe

Turf-banked (solifluction) terrace

Turf hummock

Tuya

Two-layer permafrost

Two-phase thermosyphon

Tyndall flowers

Ubac

Unbreakable crust

Unconformity

Undermelting

Unfreezing

Unfrozen ground

Unfrozen water content

Upbank thaw

Upland

Upward freezing

U-Shaped valley

Valley

Valley breeze

Valley glacier

Valley train

Valley wall

Valley wind

Varve

Vein ice

Vertical selection

Very close pack/drift

Very close pack ice

Very large iceberg

Very open drift

Very open pack ice

Very thick lake ice

Very weathered ridge

Volume

Volume balance

Volumetric balance flux

Volumetric calving flux

Volumetric heat capacity

Volumetric latent heat of fusion

Volumetric thinning flux

Volumetric (total) water content

Warm-based glacier

Water balance

Water bleeding

Waterbody encircling a palsa

Water equivalent

Water equivalent of snow

Water equivalent of snow cover

Watermelon snow

Water sky

Water snow

Water year

Wave ogives

Weathered ice

Weathered ridge

Weathering

Weathering crust

Weather window

Weddell deep water

Wedged iceberg

Wedge ice

Weighing rain gauge

Well-bonded permafrost

West Antarctic Ice Sheet

West Greenland current

West Spitzbergen current

Wet-based glacier

Wetness

Wet snow

Wet-snow line

Wet-snow zone

Whaleback

Whirlies

White band

White dew

White frost

White ice

Whiteout

Wild snow

Wind ablation mass loss by wind scour

Windborne snow

Windbreak

Wind chill

Wind-chill index

Wind crust

Wind ridge

Wind ripple

Windrow

Wind scoop

Wind scour

Wind slab

Winter

Winter ablation

Winter accumulation

Winter-accumulation type

Winter ice

Winterization

Winter mass balance

Winter season

Yalca

Year

Year-round ablation type

Yedoma

Yellow snow

Young coastal ice

Young costal ice

Younger Dryas

Young ice

Young's modulus

Zastrugi

Zero curtain

Zone

Zone of ablation

Zone of accumulation

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